{"id":2335,"date":"2016-09-19T15:06:11","date_gmt":"2016-09-19T13:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/?p=2335"},"modified":"2024-11-19T15:06:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T14:06:49","slug":"the-disappearing-san-of-southeastern-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/2016\/09\/19\/the-disappearing-san-of-southeastern-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"The disappearing San of southeastern Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Carina Schlebusch and\u00a0others investigated the faith of San populations in a new publication in\u00a0Human Genetics (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-016-1729-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Schlebusch, C.M., Prins, F., Lombard, M.\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0The disappearing San of southeastern Africa and their genetic affinities.\u00a0<em>Hum Genet<\/em>\u00a0<strong>135<\/strong>, 1365\u20131373 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00439-016-1729-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/San-Schlebusch2016-439_2016_1729_Fig1_HTML.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2336\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Distribution and population structure of the southern African data set.\u00a0<strong>a<\/strong>\u00a0Geographical locations of new samples (<em>black<\/em>) and comparative data populations from Schlebusch et al. (<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00439-016-1729-8#ref-CR43\">2012<\/a>).\u00a0<strong>b<\/strong>\u00a0Principal component (PC) analysis, showing PC1 and PC2. PC1 and PC2 were flipped to correspond to geography. For full PCA (PC1 to PC8) and unmodified PC1\u00a0+\u00a02 of the southern African data set, see Fig. S2.\u00a0<strong>c<\/strong>\u00a0Admixture analysis of the southern African data set showing K2, K3, K5, K7, and K8.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Southern Africa was likely exclusively inhabited by San hunter-gatherers before ~2000\u00a0years ago. Around that time, East African groups assimilated with local San groups and gave rise to the Khoekhoe herders. Subsequently, Bantu-speaking farmers, arriving from the north (~1800\u00a0years ago), assimilated and displaced San and Khoekhoe groups, a process that intensified with the arrival of European colonists ~350\u00a0years ago. In contrast to the western parts of southern Africa, where several Khoe-San groups still live today, the eastern parts are largely populated by Bantu speakers and individuals of non-African descent. Only a few scattered groups with oral traditions of Khoe-San ancestry remain. Advances in genetic research open up new ways to understand the population history of southeastern Africa. We investigate the genomic variation of the remaining individuals from two South African groups with oral histories connecting them to eastern San groups, i.e., the San from Lake Chrissie and the Duma San of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg. Using ~2.2 million genetic markers, combined with comparative published data sets, we show that the Lake Chrissie San have genetic ancestry from both Khoe-San (likely the ||Xegwi San) and Bantu speakers. Specifically, we found that the Lake Chrissie San are closely related to the current southern San groups (i.e., the Karretjie people). Duma San individuals, on the other hand, were genetically similar to southeastern Bantu speakers from South Africa. This study illustrates how genetic tools can be used to assess hypotheses about the ancestry of people who seemingly lost their historic roots, only recalling a vague oral tradition of their origin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carina Schlebusch and\u00a0others investigated the faith of San populations in a new publication in\u00a0Human Genetics (Schlebusch, C.M., Prins, F., Lombard, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,18,11],"tags":[60,62,59,61],"class_list":["post-2335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-publications","category-research","tag-admixture-analysis","tag-free-state-province","tag-genetic-ancestry","tag-oral-tradition"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2335"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2337,"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2335\/revisions\/2337"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jakobssonlab.iob.uu.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}